Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

John Hollander's "Thirteens" delves into the cultural, historical, and personal significance of the number thirteen, exploring how it has been perceived and how it influences human behavior and thought. The poem is structured in thirteen sections, each offering a different perspective or narrative related to the number thirteen, and together they weave a complex tapestry of superstition, memory, and existential reflection.

The first section, "I," introduces the concept of triskaidekaphobia—fear of the number thirteen—highlighting how throughout history, humans have altered their behavior to avoid this number, whether by seating an extra person at the table or devising new arrangements to mask their fear. Hollander suggests that as mature individuals, we have moved past these superstitions, but the number still holds a subtle power over us, shaping our perceptions and decisions.

In the second section, "2," Hollander discusses how dinner conversations have lengthened, hinting at the deeper, often uncomfortable truths that surface when people linger together. The act of dining becomes a metaphor for life’s unfolding narratives, where light conversations give way to profound revelations. The notion of time "running over the edge" speaks to the inevitability of confronting the dreadful and the unknown.

Section "3" evokes the Norse myth of Loki and the tragic fate of Balder, linking the fear of thirteen to significant mythological and religious narratives. Hollander ties this to the Last Supper, where the addition of Judas as the thirteenth guest leads to betrayal and sorrow, drawing a parallel between these historical events and the inherent danger associated with the number thirteen.

In "4," Hollander reflects on the age thirteen as a significant milestone in various cultures, notably in Judaism, where boys come of age. The poet connects this to Abraham, who at thirteen rejected idolatry, symbolizing a turn towards spiritual and moral awakening. Thirteen becomes a symbol of individuality and the complex journey toward maturity.

The fifth section, "5," criticizes how anniversaries and personal milestones have been trivialized by modern society, losing their unique significance. Hollander suggests that instead of adhering to these imposed schedules, we should celebrate personal moments in a more meaningful, intimate manner, highlighting the contrast between public observance and private significance.

In "6," the poet describes a dream of returning to a familiar yet transformed home, exploring themes of memory, desire, and the passage of time. The "Room of the Thirteen" represents a place of introspection and realization, where one confronts past experiences and their lingering impact on the present.

Section "7" contemplates the prime number thirteen as a symbol of something pure and untainted by conventional associations. The poet reflects on how games and strategies often revolve around meaningful numbers, but thirteen stands apart, representing an abstract fear of the unknown and the unexplained.

"8" examines the symbolic nature of numbers and colors in flags, particularly the American flag. Hollander connects the stars and stripes to deeper meanings, suggesting that the true significance lies not in the superficial symbols but in the underlying truths they represent. The "windy harp of thirteen strings" becomes a metaphor for the complexities and contradictions inherent in national identity.

In "9," Hollander compares the number of letters in the alphabet to the number of rows in a monument, symbolizing the construction of memory and legacy. The act of building becomes a shared endeavor, with each block representing a part of the whole, much like the collaborative nature of life and history.

Section "10" reflects on the cycles of seasons and their association with completeness and renewal. The poet ties this to the biblical narrative of Adam and Eve, suggesting that our understanding of time and life is deeply rooted in these ancient stories and their symbolic meanings.

"11" introduces Crazy Hans, a musician whose discordant tunes symbolize the chaos and unpredictability of life. Despite the seeming disorder, there is an underlying structure and harmony, mirroring the complexities of human existence and the search for meaning within the randomness.

In "12," Hollander discusses the significance of the number thirteen as it relates to clocks and time. The striking of thirteen symbolizes moments of profound realization and connection that occur both in the bright light of day and the dark stillness of night, emphasizing the continuous cycle of discovery and understanding.

The final section, "13," returns to the theme of fear and the unknown, exploring the deeper, often unsettling truths that come to light when we confront the number thirteen. This section delves into the superstitions and myths surrounding the number, reflecting on its power to shape our perceptions and beliefs.

In "Thirteens," John Hollander masterfully weaves together various threads of thought, exploring how the number thirteen influences our lives and perceptions. The poem invites readers to reflect on the intersections of superstition, history, and personal experience, revealing the intricate patterns that underlie our understanding of the world. Through rich imagery and thoughtful narrative, Hollander creates a work that is both intellectually stimulating and deeply resonant.

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