Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Philip Levine's "Coming Close" is a poignant and vivid depiction of the life and labor of a factory worker, exploring themes of identity, toil, and human connection. The poem invites the reader to empathize with the worker's experience by presenting a detailed, intimate portrait of her daily life and the physical demands of her job.

The poem begins with a directive to "take this quiet woman," immediately drawing attention to a specific individual who might otherwise go unnoticed in the grind of industrial labor. Levine paints a meticulous picture of her, noting that she has been "standing before a polishing wheel / for over three hours" and has "twenty minutes before she can take / a lunch break." This introduction sets the stage for a deep dive into the realities of her existence, highlighting the relentless nature of her work.

Levine questions the reader's perception of the worker, asking, "Is she a woman?" This question challenges the reader to look beyond superficial judgments and consider the physical evidence of her labor. The detailed description of her arms, "striated along the triceps, / the three heads of which clearly show," emphasizes her strength and endurance. The "fine dusting of dark down / above the upper lip" and the sweat running from under her kerchief further humanize her, grounding her firmly in the physical world.

The poem's imagery captures the sensory experience of the factory: the "blackening wrist band" wiping away sweat, the rhythmic motions of her work, and the necessity of precise physical movements. Levine invites the reader to imagine themselves in her place, "hanging your tie / and jacket in one of the lockers / in favor of a black smock," and experiencing the grueling shifts firsthand. This call to action serves to bridge the gap between the reader and the worker, fostering a deeper understanding of her reality.

Levine emphasizes the language and rituals of the factory, noting that "the place has a language." This phrase underscores the unique culture and camaraderie that develop in such environments, where workers must communicate and collaborate to accomplish their tasks. The hypothetical scenario of a power cut slowing the wheel to a stop reveals the hidden complexity of the machinery, symbolizing the often-overlooked intricacies of industrial labor.

The woman's hypothetical question, "Why?" reflects a profound existential inquiry, moving beyond the immediate circumstances of her job to a broader contemplation of purpose and meaning. Levine suggests that even if the reader could answer this question, they would be hesitant to speak, fearing her laughter. This fear signifies a recognition of the gap between lived experience and abstract understanding, highlighting the limitations of empathy.

The poem concludes with a powerful image of the woman marking the speaker's white shirt with her filthy hand, symbolizing a permanent connection and mutual recognition. This gesture represents an acknowledgment of shared humanity, transcending the barriers of social class and occupation.

"Coming Close" is a masterful exploration of the dignity and resilience of laborers, inviting readers to look closely at the individuals who perform essential yet often invisible work. Through his detailed, compassionate portrayal, Levine challenges us to confront our assumptions and appreciate the profound humanity that exists within the routines of daily labor. The poem is a testament to the strength and endurance of workers, urging us to recognize and honor their contributions.

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