Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"The Coalition" by Donald Hall is a darkly satirical poem that explores the persistent and pervasive nature of warfare and violence throughout human history. Through vivid imagery and the invocation of historical and mythological figures, Hall critiques the cyclical and seemingly inescapable nature of conflict.

The poem opens with a reference to Lord Gilgamesh, a legendary Sumerian king: "If among earth's kings Lord Gilgamesh should remain unreasonable." This sets the stage for a discussion about the futility of expecting rational behavior from leaders who are often driven by power and ego. The phrase "if civility refuses to assume citizenship between the rivers" underscores the challenge of achieving peace in the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia, symbolizing broader geopolitical struggles.

Hall then introduces a coalition of notorious historical and mythological figures: "Sir Agamemnon will assemble a diligent Protestant coalition / to administer death as appropriate lesson and punishment." Agamemnon, a leader in the Trojan War, represents the archetype of the warlord. The coalition's purpose is clear—to enforce their will through death and punishment, highlighting the relentless pursuit of power and control.

The poem lists various members of this coalition, each bringing their own brand of terror: "We'll station right-thinking King Herod with his updated hoplites / backed by Xin the Emperor's deathless terracotta battalions." King Herod, known for the Massacre of the Innocents, and Emperor Qin Shi Huang, with his terracotta army, exemplify the ruthlessness of ancient rulers.

Hall adds mythological deities to this coalition: "beside Mercury, Mars, and Athena from the province of Olympus / to institute, as a deterrent, termination with extreme prejudice." The inclusion of Roman gods of war and wisdom further emphasizes the timeless and universal nature of conflict.

The poem continues with an imaginative inventory of destructive forces: "Young Colonel Bonaparte, upgrading to Alexander, will distribute / slaughter by African blowguns, phalanxes, tortoises from Cipango, / hairy helicopters from Attila's stables, Cyclopean missiles, / and Greek fire to melt brute Saracens flourishing scimitars." This grotesque parade of weapons and warriors from various eras and cultures underscores the absurdity and horror of war.

The repetition of "If Lord Gilgamesh should remain unreasonable, we will coalesce" reinforces the inevitability of conflict when diplomacy fails. The coalition's unified goal is to "incinerate retreating Uruki soldiers, furthering the project / of Pharaoh Death, Imperator Death, Shogun Death, President Death." By equating these historical and political titles with death, Hall starkly critiques the way leaders often perpetuate violence and destruction.

"The Coalition" by Donald Hall is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that uses historical and mythological references to underscore the enduring nature of human conflict. Through its satirical tone and rich imagery, the poem challenges readers to reflect on the cyclical and senseless nature of warfare, ultimately questioning whether humanity can ever break free from its violent tendencies.

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