Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"John" by Lucille Clifton is a powerful and prophetic poem that draws upon biblical imagery and the legacy of civil rights leaders to convey a message of hope and impending change. Through the figure of John, likely referencing John the Baptist, a herald of Jesus in the Christian tradition, Clifton speaks to the anticipation of a transformative figure who will emerge to lead and uplift people, particularly those suffering under the weight of oppression and injustice.

The opening line, "somebody coming in blackness / like a star," immediately sets a tone of anticipation and reverence. The imagery of "blackness like a star" suggests a powerful presence emerging from darkness, symbolizing hope, guidance, and perhaps even liberation for those in the margins of society. This figure's arrival is portrayed as both inevitable and divine, akin to the appearance of a celestial body illuminating the night.

The metaphor of "the world be a great bush / on his head" evokes the biblical story of Moses and the burning bush, a symbol of divine revelation and mission. In Clifton's poem, this imagery could suggest that the coming leader carries the weight of the world's troubles and injustices, yet remains unburned—steadfast and resilient in the face of adversity.

The descriptions of "his eyes be fire / in the city" and "his mouth be true as time" further emphasize the prophetic and revolutionary nature of this figure. His vision (fire in his eyes) is one of passion and clarity, seeing through the darkness of societal ills, while his speech (true as time) signifies unwavering honesty and the articulation of timeless truths. These qualities mark him as a leader who confronts reality with both insight and integrity.

Clifton's use of the phrase "he be calling the people brother / even in the prison / even in the jail" highlights the inclusivity and compassion of the figure's message. His recognition of shared humanity extends to those who are incarcerated, suggesting a critique of the criminal justice system and a call for solidarity and social justice.

The poem concludes with the speaker's humble acknowledgment of their own role and limitations: "i’m just only a baptist preacher / somebody bigger than me coming / in blackness like a star." This statement reinforces the idea that the awaited figure's mission transcends individual efforts, representing a collective hope for redemption and change.

"John" is a testament to Lucille Clifton's ability to weave together religious symbolism, social commentary, and the African American experience into a cohesive and compelling vision of hope and renewal. The poem suggests that out of suffering and darkness can come a leader or movement capable of inspiring and enacting profound change, echoing the historical struggles and aspirations of the civil rights movement and beyond. Through her poetic craftsmanship, Clifton invites readers to look toward the future with anticipation, ready to embrace the transformative power of collective action and moral leadership.

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