Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Denise Levertov’s poem "In Mind" juxtaposes two contrasting feminine archetypes that coexist within the speaker's psyche, exploring themes of innocence versus complexity, and simplicity versus turbulence. Through vivid imagery and concise descriptions, Levertov delves into the dichotomy between these inner figures, each embodying different aspects of identity and creativity.

The poem begins with the image of a woman characterized by innocence and natural beauty: "There's in my mind a woman / of innocence, unadorned but / fair-featured, and smelling of / apples or grass." This woman is presented as simple and pure, her attractiveness stemming from her naturalness and lack of adornment. The scents of "apples or grass" evoke pastoral imagery, suggesting a connection to nature and an untainted existence.

This woman is further described as wearing "a utopian smock or shift," with "light brown and smooth" hair, emphasizing her uncomplicated and idealized nature. The utopian aspect of her clothing implies a vision of perfection and simplicity. She is "kind and very clean without / ostentation," reinforcing her modesty and goodness. However, this perfection comes with a significant limitation: "but she has / no imagination." This lack of imagination hints at a deficiency in depth, creativity, and perhaps a lack of complexity in her character.

In stark contrast, the poem introduces another figure: "a / turbulent moon-ridden girl / or old woman, or both." This figure is marked by her unpredictability and connection to the moon, symbolizing changeability and emotional intensity. Her attire is a striking blend of "opals and rags, feathers / and torn taffeta," which suggests a mix of beauty and decay, elegance and disorder. This contrasts sharply with the unadorned innocence of the first woman, presenting a figure who is both more complex and more chaotic.

This second figure "knows strange songs," indicating a deep well of creativity, knowledge, and perhaps a connection to the mystical or the unknown. However, this creativity and depth come with a darker side: "but she is not kind." The lack of kindness contrasts with the first woman’s gentle nature, suggesting that complexity and creativity are accompanied by a potential for harshness or cruelty.

Levertov’s free verse structure allows for a fluid and natural progression of thought, mirroring the internal contemplation of these contrasting archetypes. The poem’s lack of rhyme and irregular rhythm reflect the duality and tension between the two figures, enhancing the theme of inner conflict.

The imagery Levertov employs is rich and evocative. The scents of "apples or grass" and the "utopian smock" paint a clear picture of the first woman's simplicity and purity, while the "opals and rags" and "strange songs" vividly depict the second figure’s complexity and eccentricity. These contrasting images create a powerful visual and sensory experience, making the internal conflict tangible.

"In Mind" delves into the duality of human nature and the inner conflict between simplicity and complexity, innocence and creativity. The first woman represents an idealized, uncomplicated existence, free from the burdens of deep thought and imagination but lacking in creative richness. The second figure embodies the tumultuous nature of creativity and complexity, with all its associated beauty and darkness.

Levertov's poem suggests that these two aspects are not easily reconciled. The ideal of pure, uncomplicated kindness lacks the depth and creativity of the more turbulent, imaginative side, yet the latter comes with its own set of challenges, including a potential for unkindness. This tension reflects the broader human experience, where simplicity and complexity, innocence and creativity, often exist in a state of unresolved conflict.

In conclusion, "In Mind" by Denise Levertov is a poignant exploration of the dual aspects of human nature. Through contrasting imagery and thoughtful reflection, Levertov highlights the tension between innocence and complexity, and the struggle to balance these conflicting elements within oneself. The poem invites readers to consider the multifaceted nature of identity and the inherent conflicts that arise from our diverse inner selves.

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