Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

The poem "To Moliere" by Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux, often known simply as Boileau, is a fitting tribute to one of the giants of French literature, Moliere. This poem captures the essence of Moliere's work, applauding its universal appeal and defying the critics who dismiss it. Boileau-Despreaux, a literary critic and poet himself, is well-positioned to assess the lasting impact of Moliere's oeuvre, which he predicts will "travel on from age to age."

The poet begins by addressing the "thousand envious wits" who attempt to disparage Moliere's work. He suggests that their criticism arises not from a genuine evaluation of Moliere's talent but from a "false disdain." Boileau-Despreaux's assertion that Moliere's work possesses "solid sense" and "simple ease" highlights the timeless qualities that make it perpetually relevant. These are not mere superficial plays meant for momentary amusement but are works infused with enduring wisdom.

The tribute also draws parallels between Moliere and the ancient Roman playwright Terence, implying that Moliere's comedy is as effective as Terence's in bringing down metaphorical citadels of ignorance or societal follies. The line "Did he who laid Numantia low, / And Carthage bowed beneath the yoke," refers to Terence's ability to capture complex societal issues, just as Moliere does in his own time.

Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of the poem is its discussion of the didactic nature of Moliere's work: "All men may profit at your school." Boileau-Despreaux argues that beneath the veneer of comedy and seemingly trivial plots, Moliere is a "profound divine," a teacher of moral and philosophical truths. His plays are not just spectacles but schools of ethical learning.

Boileau-Despreaux's tribute concludes by addressing the accusation that Moliere appeals only to the "vulgar" and not to "ears polite." The poet retorts that if Moliere's works were not so universally appealing, they wouldn't generate such animosity from critics. The underlying suggestion is that the critics' scorn stems from a kind of elitist resentment; they are displeased not because Moliere's works lack quality, but because they are too successful in reaching a broad audience.

"To Moliere" thus serves as both a tribute and a defense, articulating the reasons for Moliere's enduring significance. It recognizes the skillful blending of comedy and wisdom in Moliere's plays, asserting that this fusion ensures their lasting relevance. Boileau-Despreaux captures the essence of Moliere's art, defending its universal appeal and acknowledging its educational value, making a compelling case for why Moliere's brilliance will continue to resonate through the ages.

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