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Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained | |||
"Attila" by William Everson is a compelling narrative poem that juxtaposes the historical figure of Attila the Hun, a symbol of conquest and destruction, with the enduring, cyclical nature of human violence and the resilience of life and memory. The poem begins with a scene of discovery in a Lorrainian field, where a peasant uncovers an ancient sword, a relic from a bygone era of raids and conquests. This discovery serves as a gateway into reflections on Attila's legacy and the broader themes of war, destruction, and the passage of time. The sword, "hiltless with rust and the blade a long double curve," represents not only the physical remnants of Attila's reign but also the lasting impact of his actions on history. The peasant's casual discarding of the sword back into the earth suggests the transient nature of power and the eventual return of all things to the soil from which they came. Everson's depiction of Attila as a force of nature, sweeping across Europe with his hordes, emphasizes the ferocity and ruthlessness of his campaigns. The vivid imagery of the "screaming dawns" and the earth left "smoking" after Attila's assaults captures the devastation wrought by his conquests. Yet, the poem also highlights the futility of such violence, noting that Attila's "frenzy of life" ultimately amounted to nothing, as the territories he ravaged continued to experience violence and rebuilding long after his death. The cyclicality of violence and the resilience of life are further underscored by the descriptions of the moon's movements, the blooming dawns, and the gathering fogs. These natural cycles persist despite human conflicts, serving as a reminder of the world's capacity for renewal and healing. The poem concludes by reflecting on the deeper imprints left by Attila's reign, beyond the immediate physical destruction. The "curious sword" unearthed in the fields, the "baby born with oval eyes," and the old man's ancient stories signify the ways in which the past continues to resonate in the present. These elements suggest that while Attila's physical empire has long since crumbled, the cultural and genetic legacies of his time endure in the land and its people. "Attila" by William Everson is a richly textured meditation on the themes of power, violence, legacy, and the enduring human spirit. Through its lyrical exploration of Attila's impact and the ongoing cycle of conflict and regeneration, the poem invites readers to contemplate the complex interplay between history and memory, destruction and rebirth.
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