Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Geoffrey Hill's poem "Of Commerce and Society: 1. The Apostles: Versailles, 1919" delves into the aftermath of World War I and the complexities of the peace negotiations at Versailles. Through vivid imagery and reflective tone, Hill captures the atmosphere of a world on the brink of a new order, fraught with political machinations and human suffering.

The poem begins with a sense of historical gravity, as "The Apostles" at Versailles are tasked with shaping the future of Europe. This reference to apostles is ironic, suggesting a contrast between their lofty mission and the flawed, human nature of the delegates. The year 1919 is significant, marking the end of the Great War and the beginning of an uneasy peace. The setting of Versailles, a symbol of opulence and power, adds to the irony, as the decisions made there would have far-reaching consequences for a world still reeling from conflict.

Hill's use of language is meticulous, painting a picture of the dignitaries and the ambiance of the conference. The "thunder-heads" mentioned in the poem could be seen as a metaphor for the looming threats and unresolved tensions that would eventually lead to further conflict. This imagery of nature reflects the uncontrollable and unpredictable forces at play in human affairs.

The poem shifts focus to the broader impact of the decisions made at Versailles. The "old" who endure "silences" symbolize the weary survivors of the war, carrying the weight of its legacy. They embody a stoic resilience, having witnessed the devastation and now tasked with rebuilding. The phrase "Soft comings-on; soft after-shocks of calm" suggests a fragile peace, underscored by the continuous presence of underlying tensions.

Hill's reflection on the cyclical nature of history is evident as he describes the old "wading the disturbed shore" and "Gather[ing] the dead as the first dead scrape home." This imagery evokes the idea of history repeating itself, with each generation facing its own challenges and consequences of past actions. The act of gathering the dead serves as a metaphor for coming to terms with loss and the enduring impact of conflict.

The poem's contemplative tone invites readers to consider the complexities of peace and the responsibilities of those in power. Hill's portrayal of the Versailles delegates as "apostles" serves as a critique of their role, highlighting the moral and ethical dimensions of their decisions. The poem ultimately underscores the tension between idealism and realpolitik, and the enduring human cost of political decisions.

"Of Commerce and Society: 1. The Apostles: Versailles, 1919" offers a poignant reflection on the aftermath of World War I and the peace process that followed. Through rich imagery and thoughtful language, Hill captures the historical moment and its broader implications, inviting readers to ponder the lessons of history and the nature of human resilience.

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