Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

In "Letter," Langston Hughes captures the essence of a son's love and dedication to his mother, conveyed through a simple, heartfelt letter. The poem provides a glimpse into the life of Joe, the son, who despite his modest means, goes out of his way to show appreciation for his mother. Through its straightforward language and intimate tone, the poem explores themes of familial love, sacrifice, and the everyday struggles of working-class life.

The letter begins with a practical account of Joe's financial situation: "Time I pay rent and get my food / and laundry I don't have much left." This opening sets the stage for understanding Joe's circumstances—he is likely living paycheck to paycheck, with little money left over after covering his basic needs. The mention of rent, food, and laundry suggests that Joe is managing the essentials of adult life, but there is a palpable sense of financial strain.

Despite these challenges, Joe includes a small but significant gesture of love: "but here is five dollars for you / to show you I still appreciates you." The act of sending money, even a small amount, is an expression of Joe's deep respect and care for his mother. The five dollars represents more than just financial support; it is a symbol of his ongoing connection to her and his desire to give back, even if it's only a token gesture. The use of the phrase "still appreciates you" underscores the continuity of his affection, suggesting that no matter how difficult things may be, his love and appreciation remain steadfast.

Joe also mentions his girlfriend, who sends her love and expresses a wish to meet his mother: "My girl-friend send her love and say / she hopes to lay eyes on you sometime in life." This inclusion adds a layer of warmth and shows that Joe's personal life is intertwined with his family. The girlfriend's desire to meet Joe's mother indicates a seriousness in their relationship and a respect for the family bond.

The letter takes a turn to the everyday, mundane details of life: "Mama, it has been raining cats and dogs up / here." This colloquial expression adds a touch of humor and relatability, grounding the letter in the ordinary experiences that connect people, regardless of distance.

Finally, Joe closes the letter with a simple, yet affectionate sign-off: "Well, that is all so I will close. / Your son baby / Respectably as ever, / Joe." The use of "Your son baby" adds a tender, almost childlike quality to the letter, reminding the reader that no matter how grown-up Joe may be, he still sees himself as his mother's child. The phrase "Respectably as ever" reflects Joe's deep-seated desire to be seen as respectful and dutiful, reinforcing the idea that he is doing his best to honor his mother in whatever way he can.

"Letter" is a poignant portrayal of the love and duty a son feels towards his mother, even as he navigates the challenges of adult life. Through Joe's words, Hughes captures the resilience and warmth that characterize many familial relationships, particularly those where financial hardship is a constant companion. The poem underscores the importance of small gestures of love and the enduring bonds that connect family members, no matter the distance or difficulties they may face.

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