Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

William Stanley Merwin's poem "Native" captures a profound reflection on time, nature, and human impact on the environment. Through vivid imagery and personal introspection, Merwin explores themes of loss, restoration, and the delicate balance between past and present.

The poem begins with a reference to the passage of time: "Most afternoons / of this year which is written as a number in my own hand on the white plastic labels." This line sets a contemplative tone, emphasizing the speaker's active engagement with the present moment while also acknowledging the marking of time in a tangible, yet impersonal way.

Merwin then transitions to a historical context, describing the slope where mules once plowed: "I go down the slope where mules I never saw plowed in the sun and died while I was in school." The mention of mules laboring and dying while the speaker was in school juxtaposes the innocence of childhood with the harsh realities of agricultural toil and death. The line "they were beaten to go straight up the hill" evokes a sense of cruelty and relentless labor, painting a stark picture of past human endeavors.

The environmental degradation becomes apparent as Merwin describes the loss of topsoil: "so that in three years the rain had washed all the topsoil / out past sea cliffs and frigate birds only a few years after the forests were gone." This imagery highlights the rapid and devastating impact of deforestation and poor agricultural practices, leading to the erosion of fertile land and the displacement of wildlife.

Amidst this backdrop of loss, the speaker finds a glimmer of hope in a young mango tree and a makeshift nursery: "now I go down past a young mango tree / to the shelves made of wood poisoned against decay / there under a roof / of palm fronds and chicken wire." The contrast between the natural and artificial elements underscores the effort to preserve and nurture new life in a damaged environment.

The poem reaches a poignant moment as the speaker observes native plants in their plastic pots: "I stare at the small native plants in their plastic pots / here the 'ohia trees / filled with red flowers red birds water notes flying music the shining of the gods." The vivid description of the 'ohia trees, with their vibrant flowers and birds, evokes a sense of reverence for the native flora and fauna. The "shining of the gods" suggests a divine or sacred quality to these natural elements, emphasizing their importance and beauty.

Merwin further reflects on the resilience of nature: "here seeds from destroyed valleys open late / beside their names in Latin / in the shade of leaves I have put there." The mention of seeds from destroyed valleys finding new life and the use of Latin names highlight the continuity and scientific care taken in preserving these plants. The speaker's role in providing shade for these plants symbolizes a nurturing and restorative effort, countering the past destruction.

"Native" by William Stanley Merwin is a poignant meditation on the intersection of history, nature, and personal responsibility. Through rich imagery and introspective reflection, Merwin explores the impact of human actions on the environment and the enduring resilience of native plants. The poem invites readers to contemplate their own relationship with the natural world and the importance of nurturing and preserving it for future generations. Merwin's exploration of loss and renewal underscores the interconnectedness of all life and the potential for restoration even in the face of past devastation.

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