Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"Distances They Keep" by Howard Nemerov reflects on the relationship between humans and wildlife, emphasizing the natural distance that animals maintain from people. This poem subtly critiques human interaction with nature, suggesting a respectful boundary that allows wildlife to thrive.

The poem begins with a recognition of animals' presence: "They are with us always, but they have the wit / To stay away." This line sets the tone, acknowledging that while animals coexist with humans, they wisely maintain their distance. The imagery of a "sudden bush explodes into sparrows" illustrates the startling beauty and immediacy of wildlife, which instinctively avoids close interaction with humans. The sparrows' lack of desire to become friends with people highlights their instinctive wariness.

Nemerov continues by describing a pheasant and lapwings, which similarly show no interest in human companionship. The pheasant underfoot in a stubble field and the "lazy lapwings" rising slowly underscore the idea that these creatures deliberately distance themselves from humans. Their "unanimous consent" not to engage with people reflects a collective instinct to preserve their safety and autonomy.

The poem subtly critiques human arrogance in the line, "They want no part of us, who dare not say, / Considering the feathers in our caps, / They are mistaken in the distances they keep." Here, Nemerov refers to the historical practice of adorning oneself with feathers, symbolizing human domination and exploitation of birds. The irony is clear: humans, who have exploited animals, cannot rightfully claim that these animals are wrong to avoid them.

Despite this distance, the speaker's "heart goes out to them," indicating a deep empathy and admiration for these creatures. Yet, the speaker also acknowledges, "maybe it's better this way. Let them stay / Pieces of world we're not responsible for." This sentiment respects the independence of wildlife, suggesting that their survival depends on maintaining a separation from humans who "can be killed by cleverness and hate."

The poem concludes with a poignant reflection: "But, being shy enough, may yet survive our love." This final line captures the delicate balance between human affection for wildlife and the potentially harmful impact of that affection. Nemerov implies that the animals' shyness and instinct to keep their distance may be their best defense against human encroachment and the dangers it brings.

Nemerov’s language and structure in "Distances They Keep" are straightforward yet rich in imagery. The poem flows naturally, with each line building on the previous one to develop a cohesive narrative about the interaction between humans and animals. The use of specific bird species—sparrows, pheasants, and lapwings—grounds the poem in vivid natural imagery, making the abstract concept of distance more tangible.

The poem's form, free verse with no strict rhyme scheme or meter, mirrors the freedom and unpredictability of the wildlife it describes. This choice enhances the theme of natural independence and the inherent order that exists outside of human control.

Overall, "Distances They Keep" by Howard Nemerov is a reflective and respectful exploration of the boundaries between humans and wildlife. Through vivid imagery and thoughtful commentary, Nemerov emphasizes the wisdom of animals in maintaining their distance and the importance of respecting that distance for their survival. The poem invites readers to consider the impact of human presence on nature and to appreciate the autonomy of the natural world.

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